![]() Words of overlapping speech are marked with numbered square brackets with the number in parenthesis next to the right bracket. In spoken dialogs, when one speaker interrupts the other, speakers will sometimes talk at the same time. So you've got the engines at Elmira and uh The dialog excerpt below shows the formatting the excerpt contains three utterance units, two spoken by u ("I need a" and "okay") and one by s ("so you've got the engines at Elmira and uh"). In the unannotated dialogs as well as the examples in this manual, the start of utterance units will be preceded by an utterance name such as utt1 or utt2, and the turns will be marked to the left of the utterances (space permitting). For each utterance, the annotation involves making choices along several dimensions, each one describing a different orthogonal aspect of each utterance unit. This is described further in section 3, the section on segmentation. ![]() While there are many possible ways to define utterances, here we based the notion of utterance on an analysis of the intentions of the speaker (the speech act). Within a turn, the speaker may produce several spoken or typed utterance units. "listener" refers to the person that the speaker directs their utterance toward or to the person who responds to the speaker's utterance in the case where the speaker does not direct his speech at a single person.Ī dialog is divided into units called turns, in which a single speaker has temporary control of the dialog and speaks/writes for some period of time. Terms such as speaker and listener will be used in this manual, however, those working with typed dialogs or with dialogs with more than two participants should substitute "currently contributing participant" for "speaker". This scheme was developed primarily for two-agent task- oriented dialogs, in which the participants collaborate to solve some problem. By agreeing to this standard, however, we would increase the chances that annotations done in one project for one purpose would be reusable later in other projects and for other purposes.Ī dialog is a spoken, typed or written interaction in natural language between two or more agents. ![]() For any particular project, we would expect that the annotation scheme would be refined to provide further detail on phenomena of interest. This annotation scheme has been defined in order to provide a top-level structure for annotating a range of dialogs for many different purposes. It marks important characteristics of utterances that indicate their role in the dialog and their relationship to each other. This manual describes a system for annotating dialogs. Draft of DAMSL: Dialog Act Markup in Severalĭraft of DAMSL: Dialog Act Markup in Several Layers
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